How philosophy can help us understand the war in Ukraine
As the war in Ukraine drags on, two philosophers consider their discipline's value in times of crisis
"Bestial savagery."
Those are the words Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy used this week to describe the Russian shelling of Zaporizhzhia in southeastern Ukraine.
Ukrainian philosopher Mychailo Wynnyckyj uses similar language to describe the relentless destruction of the war, which has now claimed tens of thousands of civilian lives.
"[We] have seen and felt an agency of that which we cannot explain," Wynnyckyj said.
"Russian barbarism and spiteful cruelty in Ukraine is beyond comprehension."
The Centre for Civil Liberties and other organizations supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development have documented more than 30,000 war crimes by Russian forces in Ukraine.
'Roots of evil agency'
On March 17, 2023 the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for Russian president Vladimir Putin over his involvement in the illegal abduction and deportation of Ukrainian children.
Since Russia invaded his country in February 2022, Wynnyckyj has struggled to comprehend the cruelties that he and his fellow Ukrainians have witnessed. For him, turning to philosophy for ways to understand the inhumanity isn't an abstract exercise. It's searingly real.
"Russian occupiers murdered civilians in Mariupol and in towns and villages throughout the southern, eastern and northern regions that experienced occupation. The Russians committed atrocities in Izium, Kherson, Irpin and countless other towns and cities throughout Ukraine. Were these actions not evil?"
Wynnyckyj, who directs the graduate department at Ukraine's Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, made those remarks earlier this month at a virtual conference hosted by the Munk School of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto.
Philosophy … has always wrestled with a question of how democracies can be stable in the face of propaganda.
- Jason Stanley, Yale University philosopher
The event, titled What Good Is Philosophy? The Role of the Academy in a Time of Crisis, brought internationally-renowned philosophers together to discuss the value and responsibilities of their discipline in times of war.
Yale University philosopher Jason Stanley, author of How Fascism Works: The Politics of Us and Them, says the question has a long history in his discipline.
"Philosophy … has always wrestled with a question of how democracies can be stable in the face of propaganda," he said.
A
Ukrainian soldier stands in a damaged residential building in Bakhmut,
February 27, 2023. Yale University philosopher Jason Stanley argues that
Russian citizens have been conditioned to think that Ukrainian
independence is a fundamental threat to Russian identity. (Dimitar Dilkoff/AFP/Getty Images)
For his part, Wynnyckyj believes philosophy may hold a path forward for Ukrainians as they seek justice. But he also offered a note of caution.
"I fear that without a profound philosophical understanding of the roots of the evil agency that Ukrainians have suffered through during this war, the phrase 'never again', which supposedly was to be the unifying slogan for elites and institutions after World War Two, will yet again ring hollow at some point in the future."
Proceeds from the
conference, which was organized in support of Ukrainian scholars, will
help fund the establishment of a Centre for Civic Engagement at the
Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.
Guests in this episode:
Mychailo Wynnyckyjis the director of the Doctoral School at Kyiv-Mohyla Academy and an associate professor in the Academy's Sociology Department.
Jason Stanleyis an American philosopher at Yale University and the author of How Fascism Works: The Politics of Us and Them.
Aaron Wendland, host of the conference What Good Is Philosophy? is a Vision Fellow in Public Philosophy at King's College London and a Senior Research Fellow at Massey College at the University of Toronto
Yulia Kovaliv is Ukraine's Ambassador to Canada.
*This IDEAS episode was produced by Annie Bender.
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