One year after the federal government vowed to do more to give status to undocumented workers, Canada is pressing forward with deporting a personal support worker, separating her from her child and sending her back to the country from which she says she ran for her life.

Fatumah Najjuma, a 29-year-old, fled Uganda while pregnant in 2018 after she says she was disowned by her family and her life was put in danger for her religious and social affiliations.

For three years, she's worked as a personal support worker in long-term care homes and at people's homes, including during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. It's a role in which she says she's found meaning, despite privately facing the terror of losing the life she's built in the safety of Canada.

"The elderly, they really need our help," she told CBC Toronto. "You assist them with doing everything so that they feel normal, like every other person."

But "normal" is something Najjuma hasn't been able to feel with her new life on the brink of collapse. Despite applying to stay in Canada on compassionate and humanitarian grounds in March, she faces deportation on Jan. 7. 

"My mental health is worsening every day. I'm not sleeping, I'm not eating… Each day that passes, I get more scared."

Federal Immigration Minister Sean Fraser's mandate includes working to "further explore ways of regularizing status for undocumented workers who are contributing to Canadian communities." Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada says that work is underway, but that it cannot comment on programs or policies under development.

Fraser recently met with approximately 100 undocumented migrant leaders from around the country, to hear directly from them, the department added.

"As we advance our work on further programs, we will continue listening to experts as well as undocumented workers themselves... Until new policies are announced, the existing ones remain in effect," spokesperson Jeffery MacDonald said in a statement.

'Completely irrational,' says advocate

That means while a change could soon be coming to ease the path to permanent residence for those like Najjuma, she is nevertheless set to be deported to Uganda while the specifics are ironed out.

That's unacceptable to Syed Hussan, executive director of Migrant Workers Alliance for Change, who says his organization was told a decision on regularization would be coming this year.

"It's completely irrational," Hussan said. 

"People are continuing to be ripped apart from their families, mistreated because they don't have permanent resident status, despite the promise… A policy is being developed and deportations are happening at the same time."

Najjuma's deportation date approaches as another personal support worker and her son who also stood to be torn from their Canadian family members finally received their permanent residence.

Nike Okafor and her son, Sydney, had been in Canada for 19 years and waiting on their sponsorship application to be processed when they were suddenly hit with a deportation order by Canadian Border Services Agency.

As CBC Toronto reported, their nightmare finally ended last Monday, when they got word that their permanent residence application had been approved.

But for Hussan, "It's not about finding exceptional cases, but to take on an unfair and discriminatory system that denies permanent residence to people… then wrenches them apart from their communities and puts them in situations of risk."

According to the Migrant Workers Alliance for Change, there are an estimated half million undocumented people in Canada, and another 1.2 million with study and work permits or claiming asylum — many who can't access basic services and face exploitation by landlords or at work.

Thousands have been deported or face deportation since the immigration mandate a year ago, the group says.

IRCC says tens of thousands of temporary workers transition to permanent status each year. Of the 406,000 foreign nationals who became permanent residents in 2021, it says nearly 169,000 of them transitioned from worker status.

CBSA says it considers 'best interest of the child'

In a statement to CBC Toronto, the Canadian Border Services Agency said it cannot comment on individual cases for privacy reasons, but that it has a legal obligation to remove those who are inadmissible to Canada under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, and who have removal orders in force.

"The decision to remove someone from Canada is not taken lightly," the CBSA said, adding the agency only acts on a removal order "once all legal avenues of recourse have been exhausted."

Najjuma's deportation order came months after she had already submitted a humanitarian and compassionate grounds application. Humanitarian applications don't automatically stop a deportation unless they receive the first stage of approval, but Najjuma says her application is still being reviewed. 

Having a Canadian-born child also doesn't prevent someone from being removed, the CBSA said. 

The agency says it "always considers the best interest of the child before removing someone," adding a family can be kept together by removing the child from Canada too.

That would mean uprooting Najjuma's three-year-old daughter, Ilham, a Canadian citizen, to a country where her mother says her life too would be endangered. 

Judge cites 'moral debt' owed to front-line workers

Toronto-based lawyer Vakkas Bilsin worked to help secure permanent residence for Okafor. While he is not involved in Najjuma's case, the two women's stories have much in common. 

"In my opinion, Ms. Fatumah's sudden removal from Canada is neither reasonable nor sensible before she receives the final decision on the outstanding humanitarian and compassionate application," Bilsin said, adding he hopes someone in authority will hear her story and intervene. 

In fact, in a ruling this year against the Immigration Appeal Division, a federal court judge indicated applicants who have worked as health care aids or on the front lines during the COVID-19 pandemic deserve special consideration.

"The moral debt owed to immigrants who worked on the front lines to help protect vulnerable people in Canada during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be overstated," Justice Shirzad Ahmed wrote. 

For now, as the clock ticks and her deportation approaches, Najjuma is trying to remain hopeful.

"All I want is to stay with my daughter, to be with her, to raise her in this country and not anywhere else," she said.

"Because this is home."

A Toronto woman and her son who were facing deportation after living in Canada for 19 years are now being allowed to stay for three more months as their lawyer takes their fight to federal court.

On Friday, just hours after CBC News reported that Nike Okafor's family faced being torn apart as she and her eldest son were ordered to return to Nigeria, the family's lawyer received a letter from the Canada Border Services Agency granting their request for a deferral.

Okafor, 39, and her 21-year-old son Sydney, who was born in Nigeria, had been bracing to say goodbye to her Canadian husband and two children who were born in this country. They were to report to Toronto's Pearson Airport on July 26.

"Having considered your request, I am of the opinion that a deferral of the removal order is appropriate under the circumstances," the CBSA's letter says. However, it adds that the agency has an obligation to carry out deportations "as soon as reasonably possible."

Okafor and her son had been in Canada for nearly two decades before she received a deportation order this past May.

'My whole life is here'

All this time later, she never imagined that she would be ripped from her husband and two of her children — all Canadian citizens — and forced to return to the country she fled.

Instead, the mother of three once again found herself fighting for her future, as well as that of her son, who arrived with her at the age of two all those years ago. She was pregnant with her second child at the time.

"If I have to go back, it will end my life," Okafor said through tears. "I'll be separated from my husband, I'll be separated from my Canadian children, I don't know how I can live."

"My whole life is here."

WATCH | 'It will end my life,' says mother facing deportation after 19 years in Canada:

According to the federal government's website, the average processing time for spousal sponsorships is 15 months. Okafor has been waiting 28 months already and says she would have long been a permanent resident if not for the delays. 

It's a situation that Janet Dench, executive director of the Canadian Council for Refugees, calls "very, very unjust."

"I think that most Canadians, when they look at these situations, they think that this doesn't make any sense, and of course, how is it that one part of the government is kind of undermining the efforts of the other? Don't they talk to each other?" Dench said.

"And basically the answer is that, no … at least, not on individual cases."

Dench said while a case like Okafor's involves both the CBSA and IRCC, the two departments work according to their specific mandates, the former focused on law enforcement and the latter selecting and facilitating new residents.

The IRCC's website says one of the ministry's goals is "family reunification." Still, there appears to be no mechanism to prevent the CBSA from removing someone even if they have a family-class-related permanent residency application underway, as is the case for Okafor and her son.

Dench said she's hopeful that will soon change, noting the federal immigration minister's mandate letter calls on him to look into broadening options for undocumented workers.

"We're hoping that the government will see the opportunity to really regularize a very large number of people and to put an end to this kind of contradiction," she said. 

Family reunification a 'pillar' of immigration system

In a statement to CBC News, IRCC said Okafor and her son's application for permanent residence is "in queue for review" and will be met with an "objective review."

The department would not say how long the wait will be and said time frames for processing some applications may vary due to the "unique nature" of each case. It also did not explain how someone with an application under review could be given a deportation order or whether the IRCC communicates with the CBSA to prevent such situations.

"Family reunification is a fundamental pillar of our immigration system, and IRCC works to process applications for permanent residence expeditiously while conducting all verifications required under the law," the statement said. 

The CBSA told CBC News "the decision to remove someone from Canada is not taken lightly."

There are "a variety of reasons" that might prevent a removal order from being enforced expeditiously, it said. Having a Canadian-born child does not prevent a person from being deported, however it added "the CBSA always considers the best interest of the child before removing someone."

With time running out for Okafor and her family, Toronto-based immigration lawyer Vakkas Bilsin has brought the case before the federal court and hopes the spousal sponsorship will be approved in the three months that the family has been granted.

"Knowingly sending Ms. and Mr. Okafor into the inevitable, serious and irreparable harm that awaits them in Nigeria is merciless and goes against every fibre that Canada's immigration and refugee system and Canadian society was built on," Bilsin wrote in a recent application calling on the CBSA to defer their deportation.

Speaking to CBC News, Bilsin said he's seen no explanation for why the CBSA is opting to remove the two all these years later. 

"I think she deserves to be in Canada. She might not have permanent residency but she's Canadian in heart."

'We would have to restart our lives'

As their deportation date approached, Okafor's eldest son tried to make sense of what it would mean to leave behind the only country he's called home. 

Enrolled in a sports management program at Humber College, he had no idea if he'd be in Canada to see it through. He's worried too about his younger siblings who look up to him. 

"If we had to leave, we would have to restart our lives," he said. "It wouldn't be right."

Okafor's husband, Rotimi Odunaiya, a Canadian citizen who she's been with for 10 years and married for about five, said the family has been living one day at a time, hoping the government will step in to keep them together. 

"Somebody who has already lived a life here, up to two decades… contributing to society, working as a PSW — it's not a joke," he said.  "If somebody says this cannot happen in Canada — yes, it does happen."

"We're a family," he said. "Don't split us."

For more stories about the experiences of Black Canadians — from anti-Black racism to success stories within the Black community — check out Being Black in Canada, a CBC project Black Canadians can be proud of. You can read more stories here.