Duclos said the provinces are facing a perfect storm of record-setting case numbers, a shortage of health care workers and up to seven million eligible Canadians still unvaccinated.

"What we can do … is provide vaccines, tests, personal protective equipment," he said. "We can provide tracing support, we can provide all sorts of other non-human resources types of assistance."

Intergovernmental Affairs Minister Dominic LeBlanc said there are limits to what the federal government can do to ease shortages of health care staff.

"It's no surprise that provincial and territorial governments have considerably more health human resources, for example, than would the government of Canada," he said.

Quebec, Europe strengthen vaccine policies

Earlier this week, Quebec's Health Minister Christian Dubé announced that Quebecers will need to show proof that they are fully vaccinated in order to enter government-run liquor and cannabis shops as of Jan. 18.

Dubé said half of the people with COVID-19 being admitted to ICUs in the province are unvaccinated and that the new restrictions are needed to slow down hospital admissions.

The minister also said the Quebec government will soon expand the use of the vaccination passport to other non-essential businesses, such as personal care services. That announcement is expected in the coming days.

"By limiting the places they can go, we're limiting their contacts," Dubé said, referring to the unvaccinated.

"If you don't want to get vaccinated, stay home."

A spokesperson for Quebec's health minister said Friday, however, that mandatory vaccination is not something the province is looking at yet.

In a social media post, Alberta Premier Jason Kenney said his government will not make vaccines mandatory.

Robert Strang, chief medical officer for Nova Scotia, told CBC Radio's The House in an interview airing Saturday that his province isn't considering mandatory vaccination but it is looking at increasing the number of places in the province that can be accessed only by those who are fully vaccinated.

"To me, it's a big step further to say you have to be vaccinated. First of all, how would we ever enforce that? You know, there's all sorts of legal and human rights issues," Strang hold host Chris Hall.

"I think we need to be in the space that we ... ultimately allow people the choice. But that choice means that there's a lot of restrictions ... on what they can do compared to people who are vaccinated."

Saskatchewan Premier Scott Moe issued a statement saying that while he strongly encourages people to get vaccinated, his province will not be implementing a mandatory vaccine policy.

Some European countries, such as Austria and Greece, have moved in that direction already as infection rates hit record highs and vaccination campaigns stall.

Greeks over the age of 60 who are not yet vaccinated are now subject to monthly fines of 100 euros ($140 Cdn). Austria, which has one of the lowest vaccination rates in the European Union, is looking at fining unvaccinated Austrians more than 7,000 euros ($9,880). Slovakia, meanwhile, is offering payments of 600 euros ($844) to encourage people to get their shots.

There are signs that enforcing these new vaccine rules will be a challenge. In late November, roughly 40,000 people assembled in Vienna to protest the new rules.

Protesters against COVID-19 measures in Vienna on Nov. 20. European countries such as Austria and Greece are moving in the direction of national vaccine mandates because they are seeing infection rates three times higher than at any other time during the pandemic, and vaccination programs have stalled. (Leonhard Foeger/Reuters)

Dr. Theresa Tam, Canada's chief public health officer, said the national average daily case count has increased by 65 per cent since the previous week, with a daily average of 42,000 new cases being reported.

Tam said that about 29 per cent of laboratory tests are coming back positive, indicating significant community transmission of the virus.

She said non-ICU hospitalizations increased 91 per cent over the previous week, while ICU admissions went up by 25 per cent.

"Although evidence from ongoing surveillance and recent studies indicates that the risk of hospitalization is lower for Omicron compared to Delta, the sudden acceleration of Omicron and enormous volume of cases is driving severe illness trends," she said.

Duclos said that while the current surge in hospitalizations is hitting Quebec and Ontario the hardest, other provinces should prepare for the same.

"These provinces and territories must know and must act on the basis of what they see with other provinces like Quebec and Ontario," he said.

"That's also a warning, a kind warning, but a clear warning, to some provinces and territories that they need to act now. Because if they don't act sufficiently it's going to be difficult for the federal government to help after, because we don't have the capacity to do so."